Dhajji Dewari: Crafting Resilient Homes in Kashmir

Dhajji Dewari (or brick-nogged timber frame construction) is a traditional construction technique used in Kashmir and the broader Himalayan region. The name “Dhajji Dewari” comes from the Persian word “Dhajji,” meaning “quilt patchwork,” which describes the look of the wall construction—combinations of bricks, stone, and other materials arranged in a patchwork pattern.

This method gained significant attention after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, when buildings constructed using Dhajji Dewari withstood the seismic tremors far better than modern concrete buildings. The flexibility of its structure allowed the buildings to absorb the seismic shock, offering a natural resistance to earthquakes. In a region where seismic activity is common, this ancient technique is a powerful tool in the quest for disaster-resilient construction.

Key Features of Dhajji Dewari:

• Earthquake Resilience: Its flexible timber frame absorbs seismic forces, reducing the risk of collapse.
• Sustainability: Uses locally available materials such as timber, stone, and mud, minimizing environmental impact.
• Cultural Preservation: Incorporates traditional craftsmanship, linking communities to their heritage.

As the world grapples with natural disasters, including earthquakes, Dhajji Dewari stands out as an innovative yet ancient solution. The resurgence of this traditional technique is driven by a growing need for earthquake-resistant buildings that are also eco-friendly and culturally significant. Let’s look at why Dhajji Dewari is increasingly relevant in modern construction.

1. Earthquake Resistance: A Natural Solution

Kashmir, along with other seismic zones, is prone to devastating earthquakes. Modern buildings, particularly those made with concrete and steel, are often rigid and prone to cracking or collapsing during earthquakes. In contrast, Dhajji Dewari uses a timber frame that is flexible and can absorb seismic energy. The infill masonry, made from materials like stone or brick, is supported by the wooden frame, allowing the structure to sway gently without breaking. This unique combination makes it a highly effective earthquake-resistant solution.

2. Sustainability: Building with Local Materials

In an age of increasing environmental awareness, sustainable construction is more important than ever. Dhajji Dewari is inherently sustainable because it relies on locally sourced materials. The timber, stone, and mud used in construction are readily available in the region, reducing the need for long-distance transportation and minimizing the carbon footprint. Moreover, timber is a renewable resource, and using mud mortar instead of cement contributes to a smaller environmental impact.

3. Cultural Preservation: Honoring Traditional Craftsmanship

In Kashmir, traditional building techniques like Dhajji Dewari have been passed down through generations. By continuing to use and adapt this method, communities not only maintain their architectural heritage but also provide a livelihood for skilled artisans and craftsmen. In a world where modernization often erases cultural practices, Dhajji Dewari offers a beautiful opportunity to honor and preserve this rich heritage.

Dhajji Dewari involves a few simple but crucial steps that make it both effective and sustainable.

1. Timber Frame Structure

The foundation of any Dhajji Dewari building is the timber frame, which consists of vertical wooden posts and horizontal beams. The flexibility of the timber allows the structure to absorb seismic energy, preventing cracks and collapse during an earthquake.

2. Infill Walls

The spaces between the timber frame are filled with stone, brick, or mud panels. These materials provide mass and stability to the structure. Mud mortar is traditionally used to hold the masonry together, which allows the walls to move slightly without cracking, further enhancing the building’s earthquake resistance.

3. Roofing

The roofs in Dhajji Dewari buildings are typically flat and made from timber and mud. These lightweight roofs help keep the overall structure balanced and prevent additional weight from compromising the building’s stability during seismic events.

4. Local Materials

The construction process relies heavily on locally sourced materials, reducing both transportation costs and the environmental impact. This is not just cost-effective—it’s also an eco-friendly choice that supports local communities and minimizes the environmental footprint of the construction process.

While modern construction methods have their merits, Dhajji Dewari offers distinct advantages, especially for earthquake-prone areas like Kashmir.

1. Cost-Effective

Using locally available materials such as timber, stone, and mud helps reduce construction costs. The simplicity of the technique also lowers labor costs compared to more complex construction methods that require imported materials.

2. Environmentally Friendly

As the construction industry faces increasing scrutiny for its environmental impact, Dhajji Dewari offers a green solution. By using renewable and locally available materials, it minimizes the carbon footprint of construction projects and reduces the need for resource-heavy materials like concrete and steel.

3. Disaster Resilience

In earthquake-prone areas like Kashmir, earthquake-resistant construction is essential. Dhajji Dewari offers an effective and proven solution to ensure that homes and buildings remain standing in the event of a seismic event. Its ability to absorb and distribute seismic forces makes it one of the most resilient building techniques available.

4. Cultural Connection

Beyond the practical benefits, Dhajji Dewari serves as a symbol of cultural heritage. By preserving traditional building techniques, we not only protect the environment but also celebrate the craftsmanship and wisdom of generations past.

In an age of rapid urbanization and increasing natural disasters, it is crucial to revisit traditional construction methods that have stood the test of time. Dhajji Dewari offers an innovative solution to the challenges of earthquake resistance and sustainable building practices. By incorporating this technique into modern construction projects, particularly in earthquake-prone regions like Kashmir, we can create homes that are not only resilient but also environmentally friendly and culturally rich.

At Sowparika Projects, we believe in the power of blending traditional techniques with modern technology to create sustainable, disaster-resistant homes. The revival of Dhajji Dewari represents a return to a building method that is rooted in nature, culture, and resilience—three qualities that are essential for a safer and more sustainable future.